圖片來源：“學(xué)習(xí)強(qiáng)國”學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái)

具有圣德之人?！笆ト恕笔枪湃怂瞥绲淖罡呷烁?。“圣人”基于對天道、人心的把握，可以制定、規(guī)范人倫生活的秩序與法則，其所言所行成為人倫世界的至高典范。不過，不同學(xué)派對于“圣人”之德的具體內(nèi)涵會(huì)有不同的理解。儒家所言“圣人”，能夠完美地踐行仁義等道德并對世人施以道德教化。而道家所言“圣人”，則要求以“無為”的方式，順應(yīng)百姓自然的狀態(tài)，激發(fā)百姓的自主性。

It refers to a person of consummate virtue. Sages were regarded by the ancient Chinese as having the highest level of character and integrity. They knew the Way of Heaven and the hearts of people, and could thus make rules and regulate human ethics. With their exemplary statements and behaviors, they were paragons of virtue. But scholars have different interpretations as to what sagely virtues mean. According to Confucian scholars, sages are those who practice virtues such as benevolence and righteousness in a perfect way and foster moral virtues in others. In the Daoist view, however, sages should adopt a "non-action" approach to life, accept people for what they are, and let them do as they please.

引例 Citations：

◎ 孟子曰：“規(guī)矩，方員之至也；圣人，人倫之至也?！保ā睹献印るx婁上》）

孟子說：“圓規(guī)和曲尺，是方形和圓形的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；圣人，是人倫生活中言行的典范?！?/p>

Mencius said, "Just as compass and ruler are instruments for squares and circles, sages are models for ethical behaviors." (Mencius)

◎ 是以圣人處無為之事，行不言之教，萬物作焉而不辭，生而不有，為而不恃，功成而弗居。夫唯弗居，是以不去。（《老子·二章》）

所以圣人以無為的方式處理世事，以不言的方式教導(dǎo)百姓，萬物興起而不加干涉，生養(yǎng)萬物而不據(jù)為己有，輔助萬物而不自負(fù)，成就萬物而不居功。正因?yàn)槭ト瞬痪庸?，其功績所以不?huì)泯沒。

Therefore, sages deal with the world's affairs by way of non-action, teach people without uttering a word, and let things develop without intervention. Sages produce and grow things but do not take ownership of them, nurture things but do not claim credit for them, and accomplish things but do not brag about them. It is precisely because they seek no recognition for accomplishments made that they are never forgotten. (Laozi)

推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社

責(zé)任編輯：李文星