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Economy
節(jié)省用度?！肮?jié)用”是對待物質(zhì)財貨的一種態(tài)度，即節(jié)約使用財貨，減少不必要的財貨消耗。“節(jié)用”常特指為政者不濫用自己所掌握的權(quán)力攫取民財，以滿足自己的需求或行鋪張浪費(fèi)之事。為政者的“節(jié)用”體現(xiàn)著對百姓的關(guān)愛。儒家、墨家等不同學(xué)派都有“節(jié)用”的主張，但對于節(jié)省的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和尺度，各家有著不同的認(rèn)識。
Jieyong means economy, or frugality of usage. Jieyong is an attitude regarding material property; that is, using property sparingly and reducing its unnecessary consumption. This term was often used to point out that those in government should not abuse the powers of their office to seize wealth from the people to meet their own needs or for extravagances. Jieyong in those who govern is a manifestation of their care and concern for their people. Different schools of thought like the Confucians and the Mohists all advocated jieyong, but they had different views about its criteria and scope.
引例 Citations：
◎子曰：“道千乘之國，敬事而信，節(jié)用而愛人，使民以時。”（《論語·學(xué)而》）
孔子說：“治理有千輛兵車的大國，要嚴(yán)肅對待政事而有信用，節(jié)省用度而關(guān)愛百姓，役使民眾要遵循農(nóng)時的安排?！?/p>
Confucius said, "When governing a powerful state which is a thousand chariots strong, one must be dedicated and trustworthy, act economically, show love for others, and have the people serve their corvée during the right seasons." (The Analects)
◎是故古者圣王制為節(jié)用之法，曰：凡天下群百工，輪、車、鞼、匏、陶、冶、梓匠，使各從事其所能。曰：凡足以奉給民用，則止。諸加費(fèi)不加于民利者，圣王弗為。（《墨子·節(jié)用中》）
因此古時候的圣王制定了節(jié)用的原則：使天下各行的工匠，造車輪的、造車的、制作皮革的、燒制陶器的、冶煉金屬的、打造木質(zhì)器具的，各自從事自己所擅長的工作。足以供給民眾使用了，就可以了。那些增加耗費(fèi)而不增加民眾利益的事情，圣王都不會去做。
Therefore, the ancient sage-kings laid out the principles of economy as follows. For all the craftsmen on the land, whether they are wheelwrights or carriage builders, tanners or potters, whether they work with metal or wood – let them all make the best use of their skills. Stop once they have made enough to meet the needs of the people. Sage-kings do not do things which increase expenditures without bringing benefits to the people. (Mozi)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
